The research results showed relatively good agreement between FDM and conventional manufactured models. Some research discussed the applications of FDM ABS models for wind tunnel testing. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched an FDM CubeSat Trailblazer in November 2013 to demonstrate its durability in extreme environments. reported FDM device applications in the next-generation space exploration vehicle. All surgeons agreed that the printed smooth and tissue forceps would perform adequately in simulated surgical tasks. Wong and Pfahnl used ABS to print surgical instruments such as a sponge stick, towel clamp, scalpel handle, and toothed forceps. FDM technique can create customized drug delivery devices that contain an accurate dose of medicine(s) and provide controlled drug released profiles. introduced the FDM for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. FDM is now gaining widespread attention from industry and academic research. It refers to heat thermoplastic materials, extrudes filaments from the nozzle and deposits on growing works layer-by-layer.
Cross dj 2.5 crack crack#
The displacement amplitude is more sensitive to the crack change than the fundamental frequency in the initial stages of crack growth.įused deposited modelling (FDM) is used in 3D-printed plastic products extensively. Moreover, a non-monotonic relationship exists between the displacement amplitude and ambient temperature.
Cross dj 2.5 crack cracked#
An elevated ambient temperature decreases the global elastic modulus of the cracked beam and results in a lower fundamental frequency. The results show that a reduced crack depth and location farther from the fixed end correspond to a higher fundamental frequency and displacement amplitude. The analytical relationship between the displacement amplitude and crack was established in Khan-He model and validated for the first time for FDM ABS. The existing analytical model, specifically the torsional spring model used to calculate the fundamental frequency change to determine the crack depth and location was enhanced by the proposed Khan-He model. As these parameters affect the dynamic response of the structure, in this study, the fundamental frequency and displacement amplitude response of a cracked 3D-printed ABS cantilever beam in a thermal environment were analytically and experimentally investigated. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the crack depth and location before a structural fracture occurs. Notably, the thermo-mechanical coupled loads under complex operating conditions may lead to cracking and ultimately catastrophic structural failure. FDM ABS can be used in a variety of complex working environments. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the most commonly used thermoplastic printing material for fused deposition modelling (FDM).
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